Neurotrauma is a complex entity comprising of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI). Conditions include concussions, vertebral fractures, spinal cord injuries, subdural/epidural hematomas, and more. Head trauma can penetrating or non-penetratting. Spinal traumas are often caused by motor vehicle accidents, which can cause damage to the spinal cord or bones. Depending on the severity of neurotrauma, some patient may require observation while others may require surgery. A CT scan or neurological examination is often used in the emergency room to determine the severity and extent of injury.